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New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in Biomedicine and BiotechnologyGuest Editors: Kristjan Plaetzer, Mark Berneburg, Tobias Kiesslich,and Tim Ma

Hindawi Publishing CorporationBioMed Research InternationalVolume , Article ID ,  pageshttp://dx.doi.org/.//Review Article

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 BioMed Research Internationaland parasites. e lack of new antibiotics classes combinedwith the propagation of multidrug resistant bacteria/fungiand

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BioMed Research International 2.2. Monitoring of Singlet Oxygen Production. Depending onthe chemical structure of a photosensitizer there are twoalte

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 BioMed Research InternationalAbsorption1270nmOOHOClCOOHCOOHNonuorescentO HOClCOOHCOOHOOHighlyuorescentISCPS excitation Energy transferDetectionPS

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 BioMed Research Internationalcharacteristics of the PS in the presence of such cell lysisreagents. Besides the plasma membrane permeability of thegi

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BioMed Research International T:Testsforcellviabilityandcelldeathmodes.Assay typeTes tMeasured parameterSignalInstrumentMicroplateaReferencesbAB

 BioMed Research InternationalT : Fluorescent probes for cellular organelle counterstaining [].Organelle/cell structureFluorescent dye(s)Mitoc

BioMed Research International and appropriate blank wells required for the assay’s blanksubtraction. In our experience, at least triplicate wells sho

 BioMed Research InternationalBlanksDCsUTCsTreated samplesABCDEFGH10 11 12(i) Light uence @ constant PS(ii) [PS] @ constant light uenceViability t

New Applications of Photodynamic Therapyin Biomedicine and Biotechnology

BioMed Research International T : Cell-based assays for discrimination and quantication of cell death modes.Cellular/biochemical event Methoda

 BioMed Research InternationalPDT dose: increasing PS conc./light uence(a)(b)(c)1101009080706050403020100−10−10Early readingLate reading11010090807

BioMed Research International PDT-basedcytotoxicityCell deathmodeMicrobialdark toxicityEect of cell wallpermeabilizationAntimicrobialphototoxicityE

 BioMed Research InternationalAbbreviationsO2∙−:SuperoxideanionABS: AbsorbanceATP: Adenosine 󸀠-triphosphateBrdU: -bromo-󸀠-deoxyuridineCaspase: Cy

BioMed Research International [] P. R. Ogilby, “Singlet oxygen: there is indeed something newunder the sun,” Chemical Society Reviews,vol.,no.,

 BioMed Research International[] A. Felgentrager, T. Maisch, D. Dobler, and A. Spath, “Hydrogenbond acceptors and additional cationic charges in m

BioMed Research International derivatives using human hepatocellular carcinoma cells,” Pho-tochemical and Photobiological Sciences,vol.,no.,pp.

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BioMed Research InternationalNew Applications of Photodynamic Therapyin Biomedicine and BiotechnologyGuest Editors: Kristjan Plaetzer, Mark Berneburg,

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Copyright © 2013 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All article

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 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM2500020000150001000050000012345678Fluorescence emission/protein (r.u.)Incubation time (h)SCCRDEB4 (ALA 0.5 mM)− TNF-alp

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ContentsNew Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Kristjan Plaetzer,Mark Berneburg, Tobias Kiesslich, and Tim MaischV

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMFluorescence emission/protein (r.u.)012345678Incubation time (h)14000120001000080006000400020000GABEB (ALA 0.5 mM)− TNF

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM Fluorescence emission/protein (r.u.)012345678Incubation time (h)EBS-MD (ALA 0.5 mM)120001000080006000400020000− TNF-alp

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMFluorescence emission/protein (r.u.)012345678Incubation time (h)35000300005000040000250004500020000150001000050000A431

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM 012345678Fluorescence emission/protein (r.u.)Incubation time (h)HaCat (ALA 0.5 mM)5000045000400003500030000250002000015

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM12345678Fluorescence emission/protein (r.u.)Incubation time (h)200001500010000500000Skin (ALA 0.5 mM)− TNF-alpha+TNF-a

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM ALA 0.5 mMSCCRDEB4RDEB-CLGABEBEBS-MDA431HaCatSkinFluorescence emission/protein (r.u.)20000300004000050000100000− TNF-a

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMDPVME BMTP QMBZ B SPMFBU MFBTU XJUI SFHBSE UP UIF EFDSFBTFEIZQFSJDJO VQUBLF &ČFDU PG 5/'"MQIB*OE

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM FQJEFSNPMZTJT CVMMPTBw *43/ %FSNBUPMPHZ WPM  "SUJDMF *% <> $ 1FOH : -J ) -JBOH F

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM<> . 3 )BNCMJO BOE & - /FXNBO i0O UIF NFDIBOJTN PG UIFUVNPVSMPDBMJTJOH FČFDU JO QIPUPEZOBNJD UIFSBQZ

)JOEBXJ 1VCMJTIJOH $PSQPSBUJPO#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM7PMVNF  "SUJDMF *%   QBHFTIUUQEYEPJPSH3FTFBSDI

Use of Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Actinic Keratoses in Organ Transplant Recipients,Christina Wlodek, Faisal R. Ali, and John T. LearVolume

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMNOGreen algae,NNHHNKOH /1-propanolpyridineNNNHHNOOOHOOCHOOH OHOH OHHHNNNHHNOOOMPaPu-18Pu-18-N M G A , PS1Spirulina paci

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM +NNNHHNOOOHHHOOH OHOH OHOOOOOPu-18-N M G A 1HHOOONNNHHN++su rfacePS-G N Ps conjugates 2a–2e2a, n : m=1 : 2;2b, 1 : 4; 2

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMB C DE F'ĶĴłĿIJ  5&. JNBHFT PG UIF 14(/1T DPOKVHBUFT BoF ćF TDBMF CBST BSF  ON BOE UIF JOTFU

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM 02040608010012000.81.63.26.1 12.525Cell viability (%)3 h, light12a2b2c2d2e$PODFOUSBUJPO ঴HN-B00.81.63.26.1 12.5251

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM020406080100120Cell viability (%)032448Incubation time (h)2c2d2e12a2b'ĶĴłĿIJ  $PNQBSBUJWF DFMM WJBCJMJUZ PG14

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM 5ĮįĹIJ  4VNNBSZ PG 5&. JNBHFT PG UIF 14(/1T DPOKVHBUFT BoF$PNQPVOE 4IBQF %JBNFUFS ON %JTQFSTJPOB 4QIFSF QF

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM5ĮįĹIJ  *$ಯHN- WBMVFT PG 14 BOE BoF BHBJOTU " DFMMTBU WBSJPVT JODVCBUJPO UJNFT *$WBMVFT XFSF EFUFSN

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM <> . , ,IBJOH 0P 9 :BOH ) %V BOE ) 8BOH iBNJOPMFWVMJOJD BDJEDPOKVHBUFE HPME OBOPQBSUJDMFT GPS QIPUP

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMWJWP QIPUPTFOTJUJ[JOH FďDBDZ PG B IPNPMPHPVT TFSJFT PG ͅBMLZMPYZFUIZMEFWJOZMQVSQVSJO/BMLZMJNJEFT XJUIWB

)JOEBXJ 1VCMJTIJOH $PSQPSBUJPO#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM7PMVNF  "SUJDMF *%   QBHFTIUUQEYEPJPSH3FTFBSDI

Hindawi Publishing CorporationBioMed Research InternationalVolume 2013, Article ID 161362, 3 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/161362EditorialNew Ap

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNONNNHOHS+S+H2(1)(4)(7)(5)(3)(6)(2)S+S+S+S+S+N+N+NH2+NH3+'ĶĴłĿIJ  $PNQPVOET JOWFTUJHBUFE o J

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM 5ĮįĹIJ  $IBSBDUFSJTUJD WBMVFT PG NFUIZMFOF CMVF BOE JUT EFSJWBUJWFT .# UP .# XIFSF ঳NBYEFTDSJCFT UIF NBYJNVN PG U

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMGPS  NJO  N8 DNæ+DNæ $POUSPMT XFSF OFJUIFSTFOTJUJ[FE XJUI B QIPUPTFOTJUJ[FS OPS FYQPTFE UP UIF MJHIUTPVSDF

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM NNSNN(a) (b)(8)(9)(10)S+S+I−I−IIIII4İĵIJĺIJ  4ZOUIFTJT PG UIF QSFDVSTPST DPOEJUJPOT B %$. * 35  I RVBOU C

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM00.050.10.150.20.250.30.351050100200200 400 600 800 1000Wavelength (nm)MBAbsorption cross section (10−15cm2)B00.050.1

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM 500 550 600 650 700 750 800PDT1200MB1009080706050403020100Wavelength (nm)Absorption spectrum MB (%)Normalized emission

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM010203040506070200 400 600 800 1000Wavelength (nm)Absorption (%)MBNo light180 k pulsesB200 400 600 800 1000Wavelengt

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM 0 1020304010100100010000MBॎ DPVOUTॲ ঴Tॲ  ঴Tॲ  ঴T0204060801001201200 1250 1300 1350 14001.03 1 0.97 0.94

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM1101001000100001000001000000MB-3, 0 MMB-3, 100 MMB-3, 0 M lightMB-3, 1 M lightMB-3, 10 M lightMB-3, 50 M lightMB

#JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBM SFTFBSDI BOE DIFNPUIFSBQZw #JPUFDIOJD BOE )JTUPDIFNJTUSZWPM  OP  QQ o <> ' 8JOBV 0

2 BioMed Research Internationalinto the target cells using the size eect. e highest photody-namic activity is reported to be associated with rather

 #JP.FE 3FTFBSDI *OUFSOBUJPOBMCMVF BOBMPHVFTw 1IPUPDIFNJTUSZ BOE 1IPUPCJPMPHZ WPM  OP QQ o <> 4 " (PSNBO "

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#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFNNHN++I−I−BC300025002000150010005000400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800Wavelen gth (nm )BM VC + TC-1 cellBM VC + m ediumMediumFlu o

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFSOBUJPOBM120100806040200Control 1 2 5 10 20Cell viability (% of con tro l)'64 B?2 $Z UP U P YJDJUZPG#.7$PO5$ DFMMT 5$ DFMMTXFS

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFB M V C + T em p o -9 -ac0000123670 min70 minIrrad iation timeAbsorbance (a.u.)300 400 500 600400 500 600 700Wavelen gth (nm ) W av

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFSOBUJPOBMTum or90.77%800100101102103104BM VCBLiver21.27%680100101102103104BM VCCKidne y640100101102103104BM VC21.23%D' 6 4 B ?

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUF300250200150100500Control 1 2 3 5 12 24 72Time aer BM VC injection (hours)Flu orescen ce inten sity (100% of contro l)B80060040020

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFSOBUJPOBM3000250020001500100050000 5 10 15 20 25Days aer TC-1 injection (day)Tum or volum e (mm3)Contro lLightBM VCiPD TBContro l L

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFContro l L ightBM VC iPD TB302520151050Contro l L ight B M V C iPD TUnit (mm2)C'64B ?2 .JDSPWBTDVMBSEFOTJUJFTP GDPOUSPMBOEJ1%5

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BioMed Research International 3PDT followed by imiquimod treatment was well toleratedand combination of both improved the reduction of actinickeratose

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#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFNNNNRNNNNNNNNRNNRNNNNNNRRRRRZnZnMeMeMeMeNHHN1NHHNR=−C7H154052:2 4VQSBNPMFDVMBSQPSQIZSJOBSSBZ456321 eq. of Zn(OAc)2NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFSOBUJPOBMNN7NN8NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN2COONaCOOM eCOOM eCOOM eCOOM eCOOM eCOOM eCOOM eCOOM eCOOM eCOOM eCOONaC

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUF10 150.60.70.80.91Norm alized tran sm ittan ce_NN'64B?2 5ZQJDBMPQFO BQFSUVSF; TDBOUSBDFoPGJ OXBUFS−2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Inten s

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFSOBUJPOBMNNNNONNNNNNNNNNNNONNHNOOOOOOHNOONNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOOOOOZnZnZnZnNHNH15Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+−O−O−O−O−O−OO−O−O−O−

#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUF0 min 10 min 20 min 30 min40 min 50 min 60 min 70 min80 min 90 min 100 min 110 min·.'64B?2 5JNFDPVS TFPGDFMMEZJOHG PS)F-BDFMMV

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#JP .FE3FTFBSDI*OUFSOBUJPOBM−20 −10 0 10 20 300.80.850.90.951Norm alized tran sm ittan ce_NN'64B?2 5ZQJDBMPQFO BQFSUVSF;TDBOUSBDFo PG N.PGJ OXBUF